Real-Time Coupling of Geographically Distributed Research Infrastructures: Taxonomy, Overview, and Real-World Smart Grid Applications

Novel concepts enabling a resilient future power system and their subsequent experimental evaluation are experiencing steadily growing challenge: large scale complexity questionable scalability. The requirements on research infrastructure (RI) to cope with the trends of such dynamic therefore grow in size, diversity costs, making feasibility rigorous advancements by single RI. Analysis has been made possible real-time coupling geographically separated RIs undertaking distributed simulations (GDS), concept which brings equipment, models expertise independent RIs, combination, optimally address challenge. This article presents outputs IEEE PES Task Force Interfacing Techniques for Simulation Tools towards standardization GDS as concept. First, taxonomy setups utilized is established followed comprehensive overview couplings reported literature. encompasses fundamental technological design considerations GDS. further four application oriented case studies (real-world implementations) where have utilized, demonstrating practicality potential analysis complex systems.